Describing Acupuncture Energy Flows With Electromagnetics
Ken Renshaw
1790 Ogden Dr. Cambria, CA 93428
Abstract–- The chi of acupuncture can postulated to be ELF energy derived from Schumann and earth resonances. Research with humans in electromagnetic isolation chambers has indicated that auras and meridian flows can be manipulated by changing the electromagnetic environment. Examination of the specifications of isolation chambers used by many experimenters reveals that many erroneous conclusions have been reached about the electromagnetic nature of chi and ESP. A conceptual Linear Systems Analysis characterizing acupuncture chi flows by two-dimensional Fourier transforms shows how ELF-induced flows in the body may correspond to classically described chi flows. A speculative concept involving 8-dimensional descriptions shows how mind-body interactions may take place.
1. Introduction
My hypothesis is that Chi flows in bodies comes from an ambient ELF field in the frequency range of a fraction of a cycle to about 1000 Hz. I also hypothesize that Chi-flows can can be described by Maxwell’s equations.
My objective in writing this paper is not to add anything to the acupuncture. I would like to provide a conventional classical physics explanation for acupuncture flows. In this way I would would hope to make a conceptual bridge between belief systems of conventional physics and acupuncture. I refer to acupuncture as a “outlaw” practice because it hasn’t been found to obey the laws of physics.
I would also like to point out some common research errors while using Fadaday cages
The problem, and this is not my viewpoint, is his skeptics deem acupuncture as a pseudoscience. They feel this way because chi is undetectable by methods of empirical science. They consider it a philosophy, bearing no tangible relationship to modern physiology and medicine. Physicists might say, “if it doesn’t fit Maxwell’s equations, it ain’t real.”
So, the solution to this problem is making chi describable by Maxwell’s equations. For those of you not familiar with Maxwell’s equations, they are a graduate level
subject in mathematics. The Equations are shown above on a T-shirt worn as a joke by some engineers or mathematicians. The shirt shows the four simple equations that Maxwell used to describe light, radio waves and all electromagnetics.
In talking about chi, I should first limit the definition of chi. Some people use it to describe spiritual characteristics, earth flows and all sorts of mystical things. Here I will only talk about chi as and the energy that follows in the body.
Where Does Chi Come From
My starting point is that chi is an electromagnetic energy in the extremely low frequency range of from a fraction of Hertz to perhaps 1000 Hz. It is a four dimensional space-time field like radio or TV waves. In this discussion and I will exclude other field phenomena such as extra sensory perception and mind body interaction that some associate with chi.
In the following figure I show the chi field comes from. 
The ionosphere, about 62 -100 miles up, surrounds the earth. At extremely low frequencies, ELF, as described above, radio waves are trapped between the Earth and the ionosphere. The sources of these electromagnetic waves are principally lightning storms and electromagnetic disturbances from the sun. A lightning strike anywhere on the earth will emit ELF waves which propagate around the world. At frequencies where the distance around the world is and even number of wavelengths, the frequencies resonate. These frequencies are called Schumann Resonances. 
In this figure from a Stanford research report, the location the lightning strikes during a four-hour period in August is shown. On a worldwide basis there are about 2000 storms at any moment. And there are about 50 strikes per second. This worldwide lightning activity charges this Schumann resonator.
The distance around the Earth is about one wavelength at 7.83 Hz. Harmonics of that frequency also resonate. The resonant frequencies change as the ionospheric “lid” moves up and down daily and in with lunar and sun cycles,. The frequencies also change during a magnetic storms. It has also been found that some frequencies below 1 Hz change before earthquakes,.
It has been shown that magnetic storms have effects on humans. Solar flares cause magnetic storms on the earth. People who live at high latitudes are particularly disturbed during magnetic storms. The effects of magnetic storms on humans have been studied in countries that are far north, and Russia in particular. At high latitudes the magnetic lines of force are closer together and if the effects are per more pronounced. In Russia, researchers have found that heart attacks increase by a factor of two during magnetic storms. Other symptoms such as fainting from a decrease in blood circulation in the brain increases by 1 1/2 times. Magnetic storms cause changes in heart rate.
In this figure, the EEG. frequencies in humans are shown with their common designations. Delta frequencies are in the low band below 3 Hz. This band is also where the Earth core frequencies occur. Above that are the Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gama bands. These are associated with different brain activities. 
In this figure I superimpose the environmental ELF frequencies on the EEG bands I have shown a Schumann Resonances and other ELF bands from a recording by earthquake predictor’s Rauscher and Van Bise. You can see that there are many opportunities for ELF frequencies to interact with the biological mechanisms generating EEG frequencies in the body.
Chi In Electromagnetic Isolation Chambers
In a 1980s book entitled Infinite Mind, Valerie Hunt describes her pioneering research in human energy fields at UCLA. She demonstrated the electromagnetic nature of chi flows by experiments in an electromagnetic isolation chamber at UCLA’s Physics Department. Subjects, wired for EMG recordings, were observed by aura readers in the chamber.
Aura reading is also an “outlaw” phenomena– generally outside of the laws of physics. I probably wouldn’t consider aura readings as scientific data If I didn’t see auras myself. My wife sees auras, my daughter sees auras, and quite a number of people I know see auras. Many nationally known energy medicine practitioners see auras. I have scientifically investigated auras myself and believe auric perception is a normal vision process for people with extended visual range. It is a “lawful” process. Since this paper is not about that, I have include my thoughts as an Appendix.
In her experiments, Dr. Hunt manipulated the electromagnetic field in the Physics Department facility they call the “Mu-room.” The ambient magnetic and electric field was shielded by the room. The facility had means to reintroduce magnetic and electric fields into the room.
With an ELF electrical field reintroduced into the room, EMG signals were normal and the aura reader saw a normal aura and meridian flow.
Then, the ELF electrical field was turned off. The EMG signals became incoherent and noise-like. The subjects complained of fatigue and incoherent thought and loss of sensory awareness. Some cried spontaneously. The aura reader saw the auric cloud disappear, meridian flow cease and be replaced with a “fishnet” of flows not along the meridians. Restoration of the ELF field at any frequency restored the normal aura and meridian flows.
Hunt’s experiments seem to be unique. I further describe them in an appendix. However, they were somewhat anecdotal in nature, not something with a large data base. They did show that there is an effect there that should be explored further. I would imagine that NASA might be interested in exploring the phenomena since it sends people beyond the ionosphere. Fortunately for current astronauts, the equipment in the space lab or space shuttle produces a rich electromagnetic environment.
It should be noted in passing that a lot of conclusions regarding people’s psychic performance in shielded enclosures are wrong. 
All electromagnetic isolation chambers are not equal. The figure at right shows the specification for a commonly used Faraday cage electromagnetic shielding chamber. These look like screen rooms with all of the seams welded together and sealed doors. They are used in radio equipment testing rooms and for isolation of MRI equipment which is sensitive to interference from FM radio and television stations. These rooms don’t work well below 15 KHz and most are not specified to work at ELF.
Many ESP experimenters reach wrong conclusions about ESP using these chambers. A typical experiment might have a psychic subject do a task. Then, they would repeat the experiment in a Faraday cage and observe that the cage doesn’t interfere with the results. They would erroneously conclude that the energy involved is not electromagnetic. They should conclude that either the energy is not electromagnetic or below the frequencies that the cage blocks.
Medical researchers usemagnetoencpholographs for studying brain magnetic activity in the range 1 Hz. They require multi-million dollar facilities that include very costly electromagnetic isolation chambers. A chamber of this quality would be required to conduct competent experiments on the electromagnetic nature of psychic phenomena. In the picture at right, a patient is shown in a magnetoencpholograph. It may turn out that the researchers using magnetoencpholographs are also recording ELF deprivation effects in the course of measuring the brain activity.
The Human Antenna
In the above figure, I show the field of an ELF radio wave impinging on a man. The man acts like an antenna, currents flow in complicated patterns on his skin and through his body.
Hundreds of millions of dollars have been spent assessing the effects of ELF waves from power systems and Navy transmissions on humans,,. The idea of a human as an antenna receiving ELF signals is not new.
In this figure, I show the field induced around a body, by a uniform field of high voltage 60 Hz power lines. One should note that there is a higher density of lines around the head where acupuncture points are also the densest. 
In the real world, ELF waves are not coming from one direction. The field is three dimensional, coming from all directions, so to speak. In the following diagrams I will use the graphic convenience of showing the field as a plane. The planes I show are really windows in a field sphere surrounding the body.
In this figure the incident ELF field is shown impinging on a body. The conductive paths on the skin act as antennas and currents are induced in a complicated flow pattern. The acupuncture points, which are low electrical resistance, allow currents to flow through the interior of the body.
Engineers and mathematicians have a methodology for analyzing complex systems such as shown. It is called Linear System Analysis. It is a common method of engineering analysis which is widely used to predict the performance of such diverse things as automobile suspensions, cell phone receivers, and space shuttle vibrations at liftoff. In the above case an analyst would take the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the incident field and the two-dimensional Fourier transform and multiply them together in a complicated process called convolution. This method is a standard method taught in engineering schools. That convolution would predict the field pattern in the next plane to the right which is identified in the figure as the Modified field.
The Modified Field in turn induces electrical flows in the interior of the body. I call these bulk conductors and circuits the Endo-electric Body.
All of this can be described by Maxwell’s Equations and is quite “lawfull” in terms of physics.
These electrical flows have been measured by all sorts of Western medical instrumentation including EEGs and EMGs. Probably, few Western medical investigators have thought they were dealing with a field phenomena rather than a discrete circuit phenomena. Researchers have probably been measuring this electrical phenomena for years never wondering if it might be what others call chi.
I am not alone in believing that chi is an ELF phenomena. For instance, Irena Cosic, Professor of Electrical Engineering at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia, Has been working with others on the idea that ELF is chi. In a 2006 paper entitled, Human Elecrophysiological Signal Responses to ELF Schumann Resonance and Artificial Electromagnetic Fields, they mapped acupuncture meridians with ELF signals. More recently she has been investigating the effects of ELF radiations from cell phones on humans.
The idea that there are electrical things going on in the body is not new,,. EEGs and EMGs have been around since there was technology to support them. Western medicine has a “lawfull” field of Biomagnetics with thousands of published papers. Eastern medicine has a now traditional use of ELF electrical stimulation of acupuncture points. There needs to be more unification research.
With sufficient modeling of the electrical characteristics of the human body it could be possible to to produce a detailed theory of chi (electrical) flows. It would be very complicated and involve convolution of four-dimensional Fourier transforms of all of the components of the system as shown in the figure at right. However, because of the mathematical complexity few people would have the backgrounds to understand and therefore believe in the theory. I doubt if it would change many western medical researcher’s ideas about how acupuncture works.
I do believe that this lonely path of research could at least provide a conceptual framework which could explain mind-body interaction, distance healing and a variety of medically related ESP phenomena. In this figure I speculate how that might be done. The analysis would require adding seven chakra “holograms” to the linear systems analysis. Analysis, however would probably require 8-dimensional electromagnetic theory,, and 8-dimensional Fourier transforms. The resulting papers might be of interest to a few people who are bored by the simplicity of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity and and Quantum Mechanics. For everyone else, it probably would still be pretty much a mystery, as Acupuncture is today.
Appendices
The following were not presented as part of the paper. They were offered to the attendees as supplemental information.
Appendix A Notes on Perception of Auras
Introduction
George was leaving my office after discussing a new, innovative antenna for the communication satellite we were designing. George was one of the technical superstars of out organization. His specialty was electromagnetics. George had a couple of PhDs in the area and was enjoyable to collaborate with. I said to George, “Sometimes I see a kind of haze around people that seems to be some kind of aura. Do you have any kind of idea what it might be?” George looked incredulous and I knew that I had just said something that was outside of his scientific belief system. I got the same reaction I would have if I said that I had been talking to aliens and riding their space ship. George said, “There is nothing I electromagnetic theory that would explain that.” I observed that his aura had changed color and felt his vibration drop. II changed the subject to the antenna we had been discussing. After a while George left and I thought he was a little upset with me for talking such nonsense. On my business card it said Chief Scientist: I was supposed to be scientifically conventional
Two hours later I was in another meeting with a group of specialists. I was leading a proposal effort for a communication satellite we were proposing to a telephone company. We would spend about a million dollars in two months to write a proposal about a foot thick. It would have contributions from a couple off dozen departments dealing with some subsystem of the satellite or its construction, test and launch. Two of the three men from the department had PhDs related to this fairly narrow specialty. In our meeting e were to decide on what topics this department would contribute to the proposal. In their specialty area the didn’t have much of an idea what would be important to describe or how much effort should be expended. The had a list of about a dozen topics that they thought could be included. Five of them were obvious to be included. We went through the rest of them, cutting out the topics that might not be of importance to the customer. Finally we had narrowed the list to seven topics. As we went through each topic,I could feel the team leader’s aura and vibration change. I suggested that we could delete the seventh and the leader’s aura changed and vibration dropped. I knew we had cut far enough and then put the item back on the to do list. They went away happy with their assignment.
I see auras. My wife and some of my children see auras. I have many friends who also see auras. Although our view of the auras is not as detailed as that of the sensitives found in psychic circle, I believe it is simply different levels of native ability that can be explained in conventional eye function terms and electromagnetics.
But, the problem is, seeing auras is not a legal activity in conventional scientific terms. Their is no legitimate scientific explanation of what the energy or field of an aura is and what possible physiological mechanism there might be for perceiving it.. The phenomenon is outside the laws of science. I call these phenomena “outlaw” phenomena.
We see auras only in very favorable viewing conditions and certainly not in full spectrum sun daylight or in total darkness. At the workplace, described above, the walls were all painted a mustard yellow and the lights were all of a fluorescent type that had a lot of blue spectral content. For me, these are very favorable viewing circumstances.
Last night, I attended a class at a community center. The room was dimly lit by florescent tubes. The overhead lights at the front of the room were turned off to allow the use of an overhead projector. The instructor was standing in front of a white board.
After about twenty minutes, in which my eyes were accommodating to the light, I started to notice an aura around the instructor’s head. I shifted my eye focus so that they seemed to be focused a mile behind the instructor and stared. His aura became clearer, and I saw about a one inch thick light aura around the outline of his body. When he spoke excitedly a patch of blue appeared above his head. When he moved the aura smeared for about a quarter second.
Twenty-some years ago, I attended a lecture by Buckminster Fuller on a well lit stage. About an hour into his lecture, a spotlight was turned on him. I noticed his aura. I nudged my daughter and another companion, and we all shifted our vision to the far-away-stare mode and enjoyed watching his aura. After the lecture we compared what we saw. We all saw an eight-foot blue and purple plume dancing above his head.
Last summer I attended a Gershwin revival musical at an outdoor theater. Most of the musical was lit by a fairly warm yellowish light. When the big number of the production came, “The Man I Love,” a woman and a man went to center stage and sat on a table about four feet apart. The were illuminated by a bright, blue spot light. About a half second before the woman began to sing, “Some day he'll come along.” a wide yellow band of aura from her shoulder to hip extended about three feet to each side of her. When her verse was over, it disappeared. Then, the man’s aura expanded in the same way, and he began to sing, “Some day she'll come along...” and held for his verse. When they sang as a duet their auras joined into one wide band.
After years of observing auras and considering the effect scientifically, I have concluded that my “seeing” of auras is in fact seeing auras and is accomplished with the normal visual processes of the eye.
I also acknowledge that others may see auras with other mechanisms that do not use the eyeballs. I talked to one lady who consult with people about Feng Shue. She “sees’ magnetic fields in people’s homes and around people. She says it has nothing to do with her eyeballs. People in deep meditations “see” things people who have had near death experiences report that they “see” themselves from outside of their body. Others claim to “see” with a third eye in their forehead.
For this book I will parse out only the phenomena that I can fit into a conventional scientific paradigm. I do that without judging these other phenomena to be invalid.
Color Perception
Traditional Color Theory
Some joke that, in the academic world, new ideas are not accepted until the tenured holders of the old ideas retire. Until about a half century ago that was pretty much the rate of innovation. Color theory began with Newton and progressed slowly. A color theory Based on three colors h (trichromatic theory) was first proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and was furthered by Helmholtz in 1866. In the early 1900s, color theory was standardized and in 1931 the International Commission on Illumination (usually known as the CIE published standards that are still used today.)
Based on my experience in going to international standards meeting, I can imagine one of these CIE meeting where standards were discussed. The meeting would be held at a European University in a large conference room. Tables would be arranged to form the perimeter of a square around in a large room. Maybe, thirty feet would separate opposite delegates. A grey haired man who walked with a cane would be seated in the center of the side of the square opposite the entrance to the room. He would be the recognized Dean of the color research establishment. Different delegations would make opening statements of their positions and offer position papers. Committees would report. After days, or probably years, of negotiation by heads of delegations would agree on standards. Younger researchers would understand that future research should fall within the agreed framework. The peer review of technical papers for the important publications would include people who sat at he tables.
The ideas that fall within the general CIE framework are as follows:
In the retina, there are four general types of receptors, three cone shaped receptors which respond to the wavelengths shown in the above diagram. The rods and cones do not perceive color per se. In the short form of description–the process is actually very complicated–rods are used for grey-scale vision, and cones are sensitive to three broad spectral bands centered at red, green, and blue (RGB). When a particular color, such as orange, falls on adjacent cones, the three cones respond by measuring how much of the orange light falls into the overlapping RGB bands. Specialized centers in the brain “compute” what the perceived color is, based on the three RGB cones and what else is being perceived by the eye.
Most of the media we are exposed to daily have no true colors in their pictures. If you see a Sunkist Orange on TV there is no actual orange light coming from the TV, only some additive combination of RGB light. Your perceptual process interprets that combination as the color orange. If you see a picture of a Sunkist Orange on your computer monitor, the same thing is true. If you look at a magazine picture of a Sunkist Orange, there is no actual orange ink on the page, only reflections from groups of dots of cyan (Blue), yellow, magenta and black. The CYMB dots absorb color from the incident light such that the reflected light has the same amount of RGB as the TV picture: you perceive the color orange.
Traditional color theory is concerned with the mixing or colors to create the desired perceptions. Your computer, printer, digital camera and TV set all are applications of traditional color theory. That theory is pretty much pixel oriented. Theories have been developed on how your nervous system and brain convert the measurements of the three colors of cones and the grey level of the rods to a perception of color. For instance, if the level measured by the red cone is twice that of the green which is in turn twice the level of the blue, the color perceived will be that of the Sunkist brand orange.
Hering proposed an opponent color theory in 1872. His theory explained visual effects such as after images that could not be explained with the RGB trichromancy theory. His theory ;had to do with perception processes only so it did not get the attention of the trichromatic theory. Trichromatic theory is more useful for standardizing colors, mixing paints and designing television sets. In the period of the late 1950s,through 1980s a color theory culminated in the publication of many definitive papers which combined the theories into a more inclusive one. Color theory was carved in stone, do to speak. Although physiologists are still exploring the physiology of the eye with new techniques and wonderful new devices, the overall conceptual theories remain intact. A member of websites present the traditional color research climax.
Other vision process have also been known and studied along with traditional color theory. There are many so called illusions that have been of interest to artists and psychologists If you do an internet search of “color illusions,” you will find thousands of sites devoted to entertaining you with the subject.
Many academic institutions have turned away from traditional color research subjects to focus on image processing research. There are research grants and therefor great interest in how the human mind and computers deal with images.
Iconoclastic Color Perception
In industries that thrive on innovation, some inventors are often iconoclasts. They approach problems by going back to basics and bypassing traditional institutional beliefs. In the 1940’s, Edwin Land, the man who invented polarizing lenses and filters, invented the Polaroid Land Instant black-and-white film camera which was a great commercial success. When he decided to create a color film for the camera, he went back to basics. He didn’t accept Young’s 1802 tricolor theory and the resultant one-hundred-fifty year institutional development. He did his own fundamental experiments. He invented a new a two color projection system. A 1959 Scientific American Magazine article showed this new version of color perception. He used one projector with a red light source and another with a white bulb to project two superimposed images on a screen. If he was projecting a picture of a bowl of fruit on a table, a camera taking a color photograph of the image would show only a pink version of a black and white picture. A human viewing the projected picture would perceive red and green apples, purple grapes, oranges, and yellow bananas in their natural colors, although only red and white light was on the screen.
Land also experimented with replacing the red and white light with two slightly different hues of yellow. He would take a picture so a still life on black and white transparency film through a yellow filter. Then, he would take the same scene through a different yellow filter. He would take the two slides and put them into two projectors which illuminated the slides through the same yellow filters and project the images into the same screen. If the scenes were carefully registered on top of each other, a viewer would perceive a full color picture.
The traditional color theory institution did not accept his ideas. Just as they were putting the final touches on their climax theories, Land came along with experimental data that did not fit the theories. They ignored him in the hopes he would go away.
Land developed a theory that he called the retinex theory. Perception was in the retina and in the cortex. The phenomenon was scene dependent.
For manufacturing reasons, Land ended up with a traditional three color film for his instant cameras. He continued researching his retinex theory for ten years. Today NASA and others use an updated version of the retinex theory for processing images. The color correct images based on the color content of the whole scene.
Huth continued extending Land’s theory of color by developing a totally iconoclastic theory of how the retina works. In classical color theory the cones have chemical receptors which respond to the R, G, or B wavelength: Huth contends that the separation of the rods and cones determines the color perceived. In classical color theory the lens of the eye forms a “camera” image on the retina which is relayed by the rods and cones: Huth model says the image is formed by the nervous system behind the retina based on the data of all the receptors in the eye. The roots of conventional color theory are in the physics and biology of the 1800s: Huth’s theory is based on modern physics.
I see no reason to champion either theory. The trichromancy theory or the Land/Huth. The trichromancy theory is quite convenient when I go to Home Depot to buy a bucket of paint or I want to select an ink to fill color on my computer. If I want to legitimize my perception of auras to a scientist I can use the Land/Huth ideas with the caveat that a lot of work has not been in the area-but, there might be room for an explanation in that theory.
The Benham Disk Phenomenon
At the end of the nineteenth century, when the three color theories were being fully developed, toy maker C.E. Benham invented the above disk toy. It is a disk on a top, which when spun shows a series of colored rings. For over a century no one has been able to explain why a spinning black and white pattern can can produce the perception of colored rings.
The disk spatially modulates the rings in and out from the center while it modulates the line segments on and off. The modulation frequency varies with the rpm of the disk. If the disk is spinning at three hundred rpm, the modulation rate is fifty Hertz.
My Perception Of My Perception of Auras
I believe that my aura perception is a retinex computational process.
In all the conditions where I observe auras, there is a preponderance of light at the higher frequency end or slightly beyond the normal visual range. Florescent lights, particularly, have high-blue spectral content.
The lens of the human eye has chromatic aberration: for distance vision, it must refocus about three diopters of magnification as it switches from the red end of the spectrum to the violet end. Three diopters is about the change in focus from distance vision to reading distance vision. The reading glasses sold in drugstores for senior citizens who cannot accommodate the focus change from distance to reading are two to three diopters. To focus on the high-blue end of the visual spectrum, the eye has to focus for far vision. Even then, the focus is too short and the aura is blurred. People who are extremely far sighted might be good aura viewers while not wearing glasses.
I believe that the aura vision is rod related phenomena. I find that I only have vision in low light light conditions and only after my eyes have adapted to the dark. This low light condition is where the rods are most sensitive. I also find that I can’t see the aura in places I am looking-at the center of my visual field where vision is dominated by the cones.
My eye is receiving white light and light in the high-blue end of the visual spectrum which is reflected from the aura field.
The retinex or computational process interprets that light as a color such as red or blue.
I have not investigated the process of how the high-blue end of the visual spectrum is reflected off the aura. In that process, the incident light is somehow modulated. There is a phenomenon known as the Faraday Effect in which light reflected from a magnetic surface It produces spectral lines that my retinex interprets as color. It might be similar to the Benham effect.
I include this description of my aura visualizing process to illustrate that there may be perfectly “lawful” physics explanations for aura perception.
Appendix B Description of the UCLA Electromagnetic Experiments of Dr. Valerie Hunt
Frequencies That Are Measured By EMGs
There was a period in the 1970s when some universities allowed more research on “outlaw” subjects. At UCLA, Dr. Valerie Hunt followed a research path that led to her using people who could “see” auras. Her research demonstrated the electromagnetic nature of chi-field and chi-flows.
In her 1989 book, Dr. Hunt explores the science of the human vibrations and consciousness. She made EMG recordings that included all signals up to above 1 Khz, instead of limiting them to the usual 200 Hz. She placed bipolar electrodes on the chakra centers where she observed the strongest signals. She employed several “sensitive” people who could “see” auras to describe the aura color as she made frequency measurements. She found EMG frequencies were associated with aura colors. She found the results were repeatable with different aura readers: they observed the same colors when the same frequencies were present. The following are typical graphs:
In the left half of the frequency-time figures, the frequency scale goes from 100 Hz to 1.5 kHz in 100 Hz steps. In the right hand figures the frequency slices are taken at the end of the recording. The frequency scale goes from 100 Hz to 1 Khz , also in 100 Hz steps. The vertical scale is 10 dB per division.
Frequencies are present throughout the whole spectrum. Muscle related frequencies are dominant around the 100 Hz range. The top figure is a person at rest and displays many frequencies with a slight dominance of frequencies in the 200 Hz range. The aura readers “saw” a blue dominance when the dominant frequency was in the range.
In the bottom figure, a strong 450Hz component was observed with a yellow aura.
Many recordings were made and all the colors of the aura were found to be relatable to general frequency bands.
Experiment Electromagnetically Inducing Frequencies
In another set of experiments, DR. Hunt and her aura readers went the UCLA Physics department where they has an electromagnetic facility they called the Mu-room. This small room was reported to be able to shield both the ambient magnetic field and the electric field from the people in the room. An artificial magnetic field and/or an artificial electric field was reintroduced into the room.
Dr. Hunt’s field experiments were run about thirty years ago. The mu-room has probably been removed from the UCLA Physics Department Its technical design and characteristics would have to be researched and found before one could make very detailed conclusions from the experiment. As mentioned in a previous section,electromagnetic shielding at ELF is difficult, but in a Physics Department they may have had a pretty good facility.
The mu-room shielded or at least reduced fields described by conventional electromagnetics. The electric and magnetic fields that were introduced or turned ON or OFF in the room as described in the following must have been created by conventional electromagnetic coils and electrostatic charged plates. The size and placement of these field devices probably altered the observations.
The effects on the subjects in the mu-room with the electric field turned OFF are unique. Many scientific psychic and remote viewing experiments have been done with subjects in Faraday cages which electrically shield the subjects at high frequencies, but probably not at ELF.
The uncertainty of the technical aspect of the experimental equipment prevents us from drawing a specific definition of the electromagnetic nature of chi. The uniqueness of those results should be a motivation and guide to further experimentation.
Here, I report the observations as described by Dr. Hunt’s book
The subjects were wired for EMG measurements and placed in the MU-room with the aura reader. The experiments involved turning off the electric field, observing the aura and EMG frequencies. Then, the electric field was restored, the magnetic field turned off, and measurement of the EMG and reading the aura continued.
When the electric field was turned off, the measured EMG signals became incoherent—no spectral lines were apparent. Subjects complained of fatigue and loss of sensory awareness, They could not tell where their arm was in space relative to their body. They cried spontaneously, although they were not feeling sad or in pain. The aura reader said that the normal colored auric cloud disappeared. With the cloud out of the way, the aura reader observed flows in the body not normally visible. The flows were described as a “fishnet” of flows which were not along the normal meridians. When the electric field was restored, the subjects returned to normalcy.
The “fishnet” flows were not stopped by turning off the electric field in the rather short period of observation. Since the subject was under considerable discomfort, the observation periods were made brief.
The aura readers were later able to decide that the fishnet flows seemed to be along connective tissue. 
The Mu-room had a technical means for exciting the room with an electric field while the ambient electric field was turned off. They found that exciting the room with one of the frequencies associated with an aura color (shown in the former chart) produced the expected aura color. For instance, when the room was excited with 500 Hz the aura turned a red color.
In another experiment, the electric field was restored to ambient levels and the magnetic field was turned off. In the near zero magnetic field, the aura and meridian flows were normal. However, the subject found that their physical coordination was impaired. they couldn’t touch their finger to their nose. They lost awareness of their body position. When the field was restored, normal coordination was restored. When the field was made stronger than the earth’s ambient field, they found that their coordination was greater than normal.
Comments of the Experimental Technique
A conventional reductionist physicist, would say these experiments are invalid–a bunch of bunk– because there is no scientific basis for auras or aura vision. There is no physiological structure in the body which can be identified with this vision and there are no physical energies identifiable as auras. It is all “outlaw” phenomena. On my Proof/Belief Scale he would rate the phenomena as Not True at All, Level 0.
If a physicist looked at it from an emergent viewpoint he might come to a different conclusion. If he ran a help wanted ad in the paper for aura readers, and extend feelers into the metaphysical community in the LA area he could recruit quite a number of aura readers. He could calibrate or test them in viewing a variety of people and find a group that provided consistent observations. He could design repeatable experiments of aura readers viewing subjects monitored by EEGs. Then they could conclude that the existence of auras and people who perceive them exist from a emergent scientific viewpoint. If he took a lot of data he could rate the Proof/Belief level as Preponderance of Evidence, Level 5. Of course, his reductionist peers would think he had lost his credibility.
Dr. Hunt demonstrated that, from an emergent standpoint, auras and aura readers a real.
From a personal standpoint and experience, I rate the aura phenomena on my scale as Absolutely No conceivable Doubt, Level 6. So would the many other people who perceive auras. In Appendix A, I give some clues for how a reductionist approach might justify aura vision.
Conclusions That Can Drawn From The Electromagnetic Field Experiments.
From an overview of the experimental work of Hunt, we can draw some conclusions about the nature of chi. These are important results.
Shielding of the electric field and the natural magnetic field (and reintroduction of a magnetic field) as done in the specific experimental enclosure, stopped chi-flow in meridians. Introduction of an electric field restored chi-flow and the auras. Therefore, chi must be some form of electromagnetic phenomena.
When chi flow stopped, the aura disappeared. These phenomena seem to obey Maxwell’s equations: chi-flow produces an aura field or the aura field induces the chi-flow.
Connective tissue forms a network that chi or some other energy flows on.
Aura color may be indirectly measured by Hunt’s technique of spectral analysis of EMG recordings.
Other Inferences Which May Be Drawn From Dr. Hunt’s Experiments
The ELF field from the Schumann resonances is constrained to the cavity between the earth’s surface and the ionosphere. However, people survive environments outside of that envelope. Astronauts survive in orbits above the ionosphere and on trips to the moon. Submariners survive in steel hulls a thousand feet beneath the surface of the ocean. Sailors work in the bowels of steel ships. Hard rock miners survive thousands of feet under Colorado mountains.
None of these environments is ELF field-free. Space capsules, orbiting space stations, submarines and hard rock mine have man-made fields in the ELF range. For instance, the Apollo capsule had 400 Hz power supplies for radios and other equipment. Submarines and other ships have 60 Hz power which pervade all compartments. Electrical power systems and railroad tracks conduct ELF signals into mines.
It is safer to assume that these environment outside of the ambient Schumann resonant fields have other sources of ELF energy rather than assuming they are field-free.
Dr. Hunt’s experiments show that bodies somehow synchronize to whatever 100-1000 Hz ELF signal is present.
Opportunities for Research On ELF Effects On Humans
The existence of very effective and calibrated shielding rooms built for MEG research allow opportunities for repeating Dr. Hunt’s experiments with greater technical control and understanding. Since Dr. Hunt was not a physicist, there may have been some important subtle technicalities she was not aware of.
It would be easy to do an exploratory experiment to test the idea of electromagnetic nature of chi. Take a person who can see auras well and another subject into a MEG shielding room (with the equipment turned of) and see what happens.
The MEG experimenters might benefit from aura viewers observing the effect of the MEG on the people being examined . For instance, the examanees might be drawing field energy from the equipment.
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39 See The Technical Appendices For A discussion on possible Mechanisms Of Aura Perception
.40 The specific design of the Mu-room is not known to the author. . Active field cancellation techniques might have been used and somehow effected the results. The physical relationship of the field coils may also be important,
41 D. Cohen1, U. Schläpf S. Ahlfors1, M. Hämäläinen1, and E. Halgren1, "New Six-Layer Magnetically-Shielded Room for MEG." Harvard. 24 Apr 2008
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